Pregnancy and the arrival of a new family member represent a particularly significant moment in a woman’s life. There are many myths and truths regarding potential problems that may arise during this period or during childbirth.
One of the most common questions from pregnant women is: “I have myopia… can I deliver naturally, or should I have a cesarean section?”
Myopia is often interpreted as a risk factor for retinal detachment. The retina is one of the most important structures of the eye. It is the inner neural layer that transmits light to the brain, allowing the formation of an image and, consequently, vision.
Is myopia a risk factor for retinal detachment during childbirth?
This question cannot be answered with a simple YES or NO. Myopia by itself does not prevent a woman from giving birth naturally, even if it is high myopia.
The likelihood of retinal detachment increases when there are pre-existing changes in the fundus. These changes are more common in people with myopia and are atrophic areas in the peripheral retina that make the eye more vulnerable to increased pressure. However, this is not always the case. There are individuals with high myopia who have perfectly healthy retinas, and others without myopia who have many atrophic areas.
Whenever these atrophic zones are diagnosed, treatment with laser photocoagulation should always be performed. This treatment “seals” these areas, creating scar tissue that adheres and reduces the risk of detachment. Therefore, theoretically, if a woman with these changes undergoes a strenuous process like childbirth, the risk of detachment may increase. Of course, the modern method of epidural anesthesia should also be considered, as it makes the process much easier, without the mother straining as she would during unmedicated labor.
I’m pregnant with myopia. Can I deliver naturally?
Every individual should be regularly examined by an ophthalmologist. Pregnant women should have a preventive eye examination between the 10th and 14th week of pregnancy, regardless of myopia status. If all is normal, a follow-up check should be done shortly before delivery. If the expectant mother has no history of retinal detachment and does not present extensive peripheral retinal lesions, she can give birth naturally.
Cesarean section is a surgical procedure, not a natural process like vaginal delivery, which is extremely beneficial for both the baby and the mother. Therefore, careful consideration is needed before making this decision. Every case is unique, and the decision should be individualized and made together with the obstetrician.
Finally, everyone should be regularly examined by their ophthalmologist, as prevention is always preferable to treatment.
Eye Center
Andreas Karydis ophtalmic surgeon specializing in glaucoma.
